DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ICT UNIVERSITYSTATEMENT OF AUTHENCITY This statement is to indicate that all of the work in this document has been done VERDZEDZEH FELIX NYUYSIRNI. The information listed below is accurate information that represents the skills, goals and education of VERDZEDZEH FELIX NYUYSIRNI.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I will take this opportunity to thank God, almighty for blessing me with his grace and taking our endeavor to a successful culmination. I extend my sincere and heartfelt thanks to my esteemed supervisor, Mr. Daniel Moune for providing me with the right guidance and advice at the crucial junctures and for showing me the right way.
He has been my mentor, teacher and always ready to make the best out of us guiding, showing us what it takes to be out in the field. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to my classmates for their cordial support, valuable suggestions and guidance. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my friends and family for the support and encouragement they have given us during the course of our work.ABSTRACT Libraries today are fast growing and management today has been a key problem. A library is an organized collection of different sources of information and similar resources, which are made available to the community either for reference or borrowing. The ancient method of managing libraries manually has proven not to be dynamic and efficient. A computerized system with modern techniques will help its users with quick access to information and services thus reducing physical labor and complexity of the manual system.
The aim of this project is to design and implement a computerized online library management system for monitoring and controlling transactions in the ICT University school library. The web application will provide a database for books and other resources (like articles, journals, reports) available or not within this single library. The web application was design and implement using HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, PHP and My SQL database. The method used in this project was the Waterfall Model software development approach. Evaluating this project extensively shows that the project achieved many of its predefined objectives.TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents STATEMENT OF AUTHENCITY …
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……………………. 8 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………….. 9 Presentation of Project the Domain …………………………………………………………………………. 9 Project Domain ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Keywords definition ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Project Location ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Scope of the project ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Objectives of the project ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 Project Justification ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Problem Statement ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………………………………….. 13 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 Needs for library management system …………………………………………………………………… 16 LIMITATION OF THE CURRENT STUDY…………………………………………………………. 17 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, SYSTEM ………………………………… 18 INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………………… 18 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18 Research Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18 Methods of Data Collection …………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Research questions and sub-questions ……………………………………………………………………. 19 Research questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19 Research sub-questionnaires …………………………………………………………………………………. 20 Results Obtained from Investigation ……………………………………………………………………… 20 Analysis of Existing System …………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Problems of the existing system ……………………………………………………………………………… 22 Proposal of a New System ……………………………………………………………………………………… 23Library Features …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Students Features …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24 Benefits of the Proposed System …………………………………………………………………………….. 24 Design and Implementation Methodology ……………………………………………………………… 25 Software Requirements …………………………………………………………………………………………. 25 Web Design Techniques Used ………………………………………………………………………………… 26 Backend End ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 System Development Approach …………………………………………………………………………….. 27 Requirement analysis and System design ……………………………………………………………….. 30 Use Case Diagram …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31 Sequence Diagram ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 Class Diagram ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Entity relationship Diagram (ER) For the Online library management System ………. 39 Architectural Activity Diagram for Library management system …………………………… 40 Implementation …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42 Development Tools ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42 Hardware/Software Requirements ………………………………………………………………………… 42 Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43 CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND ………………………………. 44 CONCLUSIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Review of project Scope and Objectives …………………………………………………………………. 44 Objectives of the project ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 44 Review of Project Results ………………………………………………………………………………………. 44 Limitations of the system ………………………………………………………………………………………. 45 Future system Enhancements ………………………………………………………………………………… 45 Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 46 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47 References …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57LIST OF FIGURES/DIAGRAMS Figure 3. 1V-Model ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 Figure 3. 2 Requirement Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………… 30 Figure 3. 3Use case Diagram ………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 Figure 3. 4 Sequence diagram for user registration ………………………………………………………. 35 Figure 3. 5Sequence diagram for user login ………………………………………………………………….. 35 Figure 3. 6Sequence Diagram for librarian Login …………………………………………………………. 36 Figure 3. 7Sequence Diagram for Issue Book ……………………………………………………………….. 36 Figure 3. 8Sequence diagram for return book ………………………………………………………………. 37 Figure 3. 9Class diagram for library management system …………………………………………….. 38 Figure 3. 10 ER for library management system …………………………………………………………… 39 Figure 3. 11Activity diagram for admin interface …………………………………………………………. 40 Figure 3. 12Activity diagram for student interface ……………………………………………………….. 41 Figure 4. 1 homepage …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47 Figure 4. 2 student login page ………………………………………………………………………………………. 48 Figure 4. 3 Student signup page……………………………………………………………………………………. 48 Figure 4. 4 Admin dashboard page ………………………………………………………………………………. 49 Figure 4. 5 Add Category page …………………………………………………………………………………….. 50 Figure 4. 6 manage categories page ………………………………………………………………………………. 50 Figure 4. 7 Add author page ………………………………………………………………………………………… 51 Figure 4. 8 manage authors page ………………………………………………………………………………….. 51 Figure 4. 9 Add book page …………………………………………………………………………………………… 52 Figure 4. 10 manage books page …………………………………………………………………………………… 52 Figure 4. 11 Issue book page ………………………………………………………………………………………… 53 Figure 4. 12 manage issued books ………………………………………………………………………………… 53 Figure 4. 13 manage registered students page……………………………………………………………….. 54 Figure 4. 14 Admin password change page …………………………………………………………………… 54 Figure 4. 15 student dashboard ……………………………………………………………………………………. 55 Figure 4. 16 List of books page …………………………………………………………………………………….. 56 Figure 4. 17 Manage issued books ………………………………………………………………………………… 56 Figure 4. 18 student edit account page ………………………………………………………………………….. 57LIST OF TABLES Table 3. 1Research sub-questionnaires …………………………………………………………………………. 20 Table 3. 2Use case table ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31 Table 3. 3 System software Requirement for Offline Usage …………………………………………… 42CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Presentation of Project the Domain Project Domain For the past few years The ICT University has gone through transformation towards providing a well-equipped ground for studies. One of the efforts towards that is providing a well modernized library furnished with updated books to meet studies at the University. Many hands have been put to the success of it to be in place and accessible by students to improve studies within ICT University. However, with that in place one of the major the problem to students and school library is providing a means by which students should access to information stored in the library and a way for school to manage library resources and students through the web, rather the traditional way. This web application will provide a database for books and other resources (like articles, journals, reports) available or not within this single library. This project is aimed at providing a means for managing the library using a web system and for students to have information on all the resources at the school library. Libraries can be divided into categories by several types, which are: Academic libraries or school libraries (serve colleges and universities) Public libraries (serve cities and towns of all types) Special libraries are in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the government. Libraries are much more than a place to read books and journals. Libraries also houses advanced electronic resources, including the Internet, digital library collections, remote access to a wide range of technology and instruction (http://guides.library.cornell.edu, 2017). Most library positions focus on the following: • user services (connecting people to the information they need) • technical services (ordering, cataloging, and preparing materials) • computer services (maintain library databases, software programming, web page design) • administrative services (manage the library and services, negotiate contracts with vendors, supervise library employees, prepare budgets)Library management is a sub-discipline of institutional management that focuses of specific issues faced by libraries and library management professionals. Most problems faced in library management are related to those faced in the management of an organization. A library management system is an application that defines a library system which could be small or big in size. This library system is used by librarian to categorically manage the library by the virtue of using a computerized system where he/she can record various transactions like issue of books, return of books, addition of new books, and students registered in the system. Books, authors, categories and user maintenance modules are also included in this system which would keep track of the users using the library and also a detailed description about the books a library contains. With this computerized system there will be no loss of book record or member record which generally happens when a non-computerized system is used. All these modules are able to help librarian to manage the library with more convenience and in a more efficient way as compared to library systems which are not computerized. Keywords definition Web Browser: A web browser, or simply “browser,” is an application used to access and view websites. The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML, the code used to design or “mark-up” webpages. Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari. (techterms.com, 2014) Internet: Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks interconnected through dedicated routers and servers with protocols for information sharing. Web Application: A Web application (Web app) is an application program that is stored on a remote server and delivered over the Internet through a browser interface (searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com, 2017). Management system: A management system is the way in which an organization manages the inter-related parts of its business in order to achieve its objectives. These objectives can relate to a number of different topics, including product or service quality, operational efficiency, environmental performance, health and safety in the workplace and many more (iso.org, 216). Localhost: “Localhost” refers to the local computer that a program is running on. For example, if you are running a Web browser on your computer, your computer is considered to be the “localhost.” (Christensson, 2006). When using your local computer to run the web application, your local pc act as a web server. Web Server: A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers’ HTTP clients (whatis.techtarget.com, 2015).Cataloguing: The description of each book on to cards as it comes into the library. Framework: A framework is a toolset ready to be implemented on different scenarios. Project Location This project was conducted at the ICT University Cameroon main campus during the spring semester period (February to July 2018). Scope of the project The final product of this project will be an online library management system that will be used for major library operations at ICT University. There are two end users of the library management system, the admin or librarian and students or users. Objectives of the project The aim of this project is to design and implement a system that can handle and manage the activities involved in a library in an efficient and reliable way. The objectives are: I. To build a system than receive input and generate output automatically very easily within a short time. II. To build a monitoring system that is able to manage library operations efficiently. III. To give an opportunity to librarians to reduce mistakes in the manual system. IV. To manage various issues and keep track of their returns. V. To Manage account module Project Justification The main motivation behind this project was to look for a way to solve the problem of library management system at ICT University. To do this, an online management system will be a better and superior solution with tech today. This project would be viable since many people are now connected to the internet using communication devices like smartphones, tablets, Pcs and other gadgets. Problem Statement Looking at things presently, transactions of books in the institutional libraries have been using manual transactions in most cases which usually takes more time like borrowing of books or returning them resulting to inefficient library management. In most cases errors made by humansmay lead to loss and damages of records due to poor management which makes computerized system in the library better for management. Nevertheless, the difficulty in searching of books which could be termed to be inadequacy in book management is a problem in the manual library causing inefficiency and time consuming in the library. Due to problem of lack of prompt information retrieval and time wastage using manual system, problems arise when records become large and difficult with time. In addition, due to the much work in this project, the best computer approach will be used to solve these problems. Analysis will be done for each manual procedure.CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This section presents a review of related literature to the study of library management systems. This has been done in conformity with the projects main objective i.e. to design and implement an Online library management system at ICT University. A library is regarded as the brain of any institution, of course many institutes understand the importance of the library to the growth of the institute and their esteem users which we categorically call the students. Many libraries today at least have a computerized integrated library management system for their management. An integrated library management system (ILMS) is an automated package of library services that contains several functions (https://fr.slideshare.net, n.d.). An integrated library system, also known as a library management system is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and users who have borrowed (Adamson, 2008). These functional usually include circulation, acquisition and cataloguing etc. An integrated library management system is also called an integrated library system (ILS). It usually comprises a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for admin and other for staffs). The library management system is a library management software for monitoring and controlling the transactions in a library (Ashutosh Tripathi, Ashish Srivastava, 2012). Library management system supports the general requirement of the library such as the acquisition, cataloguing, circulation and other sections. Before the coming of computer in modern age there are different methods of keeping records in the library. Records are kept in the library on shelves and each shelf are labelled in an alphabetical or numerical order, in which the categories of books available are arranged on different position on the shelves and as well are recorded on the library manuscript and when any book is to be referenced the manuscript is being referred to, to know the position of such required book by the person that requested for the book. After the invention of computers, different researchers have carried out various approach on automated library management systems in which this project is as well all about. The first ever library management system to be reviewed is the KOHA library management system. Since the original implementation in 1999, KOHA functionality has been adopted by thousands oflibraries worldwide, each adding features and functions, deepening the capability of the system. The release of version 3.0 in 2005 and the integration of the powerful Zebra indexing engine, KOHA became a viable, scalable solution for libraries of all kinds. LibLime KOHA is built on this foundation. With its advanced feature set, LibLime KOHA is the most functionally advanced open source Integrated Library System in the market today. The major setback of this Library Management System is that it is a web based and as a result it is not security conscious because hackers could have the database hacked and access or modify the information of such user (koha website, 2005). Another Library Management System is the Capital’s library software with the following benefits Increases support available for staff and users in any modern library service, provides efficiency, innovative system that’s saves library time and improves the user experience. A library management system usually comprises a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces ( one for users, one for staff). Most integrated library systems, separate softeare functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified interface. Examples of modules might include: I. Acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials) II. Cataloguing (classifying and indexing materials) III. Circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back) IV. Serials (tracking magazine and newspapers holdings) V. The OPAC (public interface for users) Prior to computerization, library tasks were performed manually and independently from one another. Selectors ordered materials with ordering slips, cataloguers manually catalogued items and indexed them with the card cataloguing system (in which all bibliographic data was kept on a single index card), and users signed books out manually, indicating their name on cue cards which were then kept at the circulation desk. Early mechanization came in 1936, when the University of Texas began using a punch card system to manage library circulation. While the punch card system allowed for more efficient tracking of loans, library services were far from being integrated, and no other library task was affected by this change. The literature study in previous system couldgive more reference in system development process. All the advantages in the previous system can be implemented during the development of this proposed system. This chapter entails the literature review related to library management system initiatives worldwide, at national, regional and international levels. Secondary data will be searched from print and online resources. Foreign literatures will be mainly used and some of these had been highlighted to peruse and emulate. The purpose of this literature review is to establish the potential topics and suggest ideas for another research, reporting published materials on existing conceptual framework, theories, techniques, processes, styles and instruments of other researchers related to the topic under investigation. It will help analyze scope of study and in determining the various variables to be included. For this report, the main purpose of literature review will be to grasp comprehensive ideas on the extent of library management systems initiatives and projects that had taken place Cameroon and other places and the factors and conditions that had influenced and contributed to their success. The approach to literature review is the browse method where print and electronic sources were looked at, read and digested, looking for some relevancy, appropriateness and usefulness of the topic at hand. Keywords to be used during this search are library, virtual library, e-library, hybrid library, library management initiatives, library management problems, library management research, library services, resource sharing, distributed information resources, online databases, library automation, library systems, mobile information access, information professionals, librarian, global access, repositories and interoperability, management systems, library integrated system, database system administration (DBSA). As the research involves qualitative data as well, much research is made at the initial stage making enquires to get as much primary data as possible from some librarians as possible when there is opportunity to understand the subject better and helped in the formulation of the research questions. The literature review will be about development of library management system which is organized into the following sections namely why we need library management system, a review of problems and challenges of library professionals in developing countries, library management system initiatives worldwide. Library project system that offers many flexible and convenient features,allowing librarians and library users to maximize time and efficiency. Library system gives all the detailed information about students, staffs and books, it will track the books available in the library and the books that have been issued to the library users (students). It shows popular books among the students. It will provide book lost in the library. It keeps records of the supplier and the book binders. Needs for library management system i. Improved services through greater access to accurate information ii. Increased productivity and job satisfaction among staff members as it eliminates duplication of effort iii. More economical and safer means of storing and keeping of information iv. Easier access to information like management reports and stock etc. as well as accurate and faster results from statistical analyses. v. Reduces errors and eliminating of long and repetitive manual processing vi. Greater accountability and transparency in operations vii. Improved efficiency and effectiveness in administration and management as it has unprecedented access to real- time information. viii. More reliable security for sensitive and confidential information. ix. Appropriate knowledge –based action and intervention can now take place in a timelier manner. The outcome of this system developed has: ICT University library collections that are in single database, it gives the full control over the library collections and operations, faculty members search and research scholars can check the required books by OPAC modules, research scholars and faculty members can check the status of their borrowed books, they can get the complete details about the books for their future reading and research. The significance of this study was to help and give a benefit to the concerned group below. This study will be beneficial to the following: Students and Staff: Through computerized library system, they can easily find the books that they are looking for without going through the traditional way of searching a library material.Convenience is more visible for it is not time-consuming, resulting to a number of accomplished works. Librarian: The computerized library system would improve the monitoring capacities of those who maintain the library. It would be easier to determine whether a particular book is on-shelf or not. In addition, they can easily identify when will the borrowed material be returned and if a borrower has failed to return the book on its due date. Furthermore, the librarian would be much guided when it comes to recognizing new inventory books, letting them arrange it promptly and accordingly. LIMITATION OF THE CURRENT STUDY Very particularly, there are aspects that we can more or less call our limitation; they are discussed in this area. It is important to get people’s feedback to really have an understanding of how we can improve rapidly, and it is important to let them know what is been done has been, the sort of the risks that are deemed unacceptable, and what we do to minimize the organization’s exposure to them. For now, the program software will not be able to function as a web-based application. Hence, external users or user that is not within Open and Distance Learning will not be able to access information until it is made available online. Another consideration may be the limitation to accommodate new kinds of information. As different kinds of information are required by the department, it is possible that the software will become obsolete overtime. Hence, in order to be able to store such information, there will be a need for modification, addition modules and adjustments of the already existing modules. This can be costly in most cases depending on the amount of work to be done. The school would have to decide on either buying new software or modifying the old one at almost the same cost.CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, SYSTEM INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS Introduction To develop the best fit system for the ICTU library, this chapter will present the methodology adopted during the study together with data collection methods, data analysis, system design and implementation and final testing. Within these sections, a number of tactics will be employed so that we can design a system that can maintain high usability and accessibility. Research Methodology Sha Avison 14 describes a methodology as “a collection of procedures, techniques, tools and documentation aids which will help systems developers in their effort to produce a new information system” (Gary Ingham , 2005). A quantitative and qualitative approach will be used on this study presented as a case study design together with a descriptive design. The descriptive designed expressed will be from the facts obtained from the current system. Since one of the main aim of this study is to develop a more reliable user-friendly system compared to manual system in the ICT University. For this to be accomplished, it will involve conduction of interviews with librarian, staffs and students and evaluation of related articles. Methods of Data Collection Carry out research involves using different methods of data collection depending on the nature of the research. However, in some instances, the interview method was used to gather data especially from the school librarian including other methods like articles on the web, books and observation of established school libraries. The target population of the study was students- undergraduates and masters students of ICT University Cameroon. This approach of research is most appropriate to gather information about students experience on use of the school library and identify user and library requirements to further improve acceptability and use. The study employed a case study research design using both questionnaire and interview. The interview was face to face and adopted open ended questions which provided a set of predetermined questions. The choice of a case study approach is because it provides a basis for closer integration of theory and practice. This is alsosupportive of the colorful nature of the study. The in-depth interview administered by the researcher in a semi-structured way was conducted with ICT University librarian and general questionnaires to students and staffs. The respondents were adequately educated on the purpose of the interview and on of issues of confidentiality. A face to face interview was first conducted with the school librarian and with other school staff in charge of library school and thereafter questionnaire was used to collect preliminary data. The questionnaire items were designed to strictly measure student’s acceptance and use od web-based library management system as well as outcome of use thereby ensuring content validity, predictive validity, concurrent validity, construct via a test-retest reliability method of two weeks interval. Taking a look at how data was obtained, categories of data used in this study is as follows; – Primary Data source: A primary source provides direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object, person, or work of art. Primary sources include historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, audio and video recordings, speeches, and art objects. Interviews, surveys, fieldwork, and Internet communications via email, blogs, listservs, and newsgroups are also primary sources (Ithaca College Library, 2017). For this study the primary data collected was through oral interviews with librarians and staffs, and general questionnaires for students. However, tools used for gathering primary data are, interview, observations, surveys, questionnaires, experiments. – Secondary Data Source: Secondary sources build upon primary resources by analyzing, interpreting, synthesizing or discussing them (Royal Roads University , n.d.). Here data was collected most especially from pass reports, internet research and published journals on the web. – Research questions and sub-questions Research questions This study was guided by the following research question: How can the design and implement a library management system in ICT University enable library management processes?Table 3. 1Research sub-questionnaires Questions addressed to the school Librarian and staffs of ICT University. Questions addressed users (students) of ICT University What do you understand by library management system. What do you understand by library management system. What is your position in the ICT University What is your position in the ICT University How often do students visit the ICT University school library? How often do you visit the school library? How many students do visit the school library like per semester? How many times do you visit the school library like in a semester? What type of materials do students visit the library to obtain. What type of materials do you visit the library to obtain. What IT tools and techniques are currently used for management in the school library How useful do you think using an online software to check the library resources and students will help? What type of services would you expect the online library management to offer? What type of services would you expect the online library management to offer? What do you are the benefits this system will bring to school is such a system is in place. What other suggestions will you like to give concerning the online library management system. What other suggestions will you like to give concerning the online library management system. Results Obtained from Investigation Feedback from the survey was positive as quite a number students staffs participated but if many students would have engaged, the survey would be much accurate and to know where there is much need. Participation in the survey was voluntary and students were informed that there were no right or wrong answers, and their responses would be kept private as names were not used.Thirty students and one of the library admin staff making 31 out of almost 200 students at ICT University making (15%) responded to the questionnaires and interviews. The highest number of responses came from the students of the institution and few interview questions from the library admin staff. It was found that most the librarians at ICT University are mostly students who opted to work at the school library. Some of the results gotten from questionnaires and interviews are presented below; – Interviews carried and out for both school librarian and Library admin staff and questionnaires as well as data gathered through observations revealed that, in a school academic year not up to 30 students out of almost 200 students in the university visit the school library. The reason gathered from students was that most at times they don’t visit the school library because it is not organized, lack of reading desk and limited books are found in the library. – According to findings, it also was found that, the students that come to use the library mostly look for books, reports, journals electronic reference which some are not found in school library computer. – Findings from an interview with school librarian shows that, she most of at times use a register to record library operations like organization of books, reports, recording of issue and submitting od books and managing of student’s details. It was revealed that managing the school using a book register was very difficult at times and could bring problems in future as more students will be using the school library and the need for a software was very important. – From interview and questionnaires about library services and suggestions, many agreed from options given that they want a system that display list of books, authors, list of students, reports and fines at least. Analysis of Existing System System analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and their relationships within and outside of the system. Here the key question is-what problems exist in the present system, what must be done to solve the problem. Analysis begins when a user or researcher begins a study of the program using existing system.The existing system of library management involves lots of paper work for all transactions as everything is registered in a book manually. This takes more time for transactions like borrowing a book or returning a book and also for searching of member and books. Another disadvantage is that to prepare a list of books borrowed and the available takes more time which slows management. After conduction the feasibility study a computerized system was best to be implement to solve problems of the manual system of management. Problems of the existing system Having had an overview knowledge of the existing system after doing analysis and results obtained, the following are challenges faced by the librarians using the manual system of managing the library. I. Loss of Data: A lot of paper work are need for the safe keeping of the details of books borrowed, returns, reports by a registered user. The school librarian revealed that sometimes they have problems of issues as some transactions were not recorded or missing. II. Time Wasting: it was pointed that users had hard knowing the statues of the book availability before visiting the school library. Many find it being time wasted as a result of searching for a book that has been borrowed by another student. III. Inadequate infrastructure and resources: Findings showed that, there is a challenge in the limited resources and not up-to-date. The librarian revealed that, some of the outdated materials hinders the research at ICT University. IV. Lack of awareness: It was revealed that there is limited awareness among students about using the available materials and books in the school library, sensitization of the importance of library and benefits of participating in the usage of library is limited. V. Processing speed: Study reveals that it was a time slow to process a transaction especially when everything is written with the hand. VI. Lack of clear policies and guidelines: It was also revealed that the library does not have clear policies and guidelines to guide all staffs and students in the use of the school library. Problems occurred when students borrow and keeps the book for more the period specified.The reason for asking about the challenges faced in using the tools and techniques of managing the school library was to identify those challenges that the library staffs are currently facing, that may also hinder the design ang implementation of online library management system. Proposal of a New System Based on the difficulties sited above, it is important that the new system targets the weaknesses of the old system in place. From observations made, the question was to design a system that will make use of the available resources, be easily adopted and used by the citizens, be user friendly while respecting the basics of User Interface and User Experience. Looking at the fast-growing use of technology today it is seen that the old manual system of management will become obsolete with time as everything is going digital. Many people will now prefer to access information on the palm of their hands either using mobile technologies, Pc’s. This need resulted in the development of a proposed system with the following solutions; I. Provides better and efficient service to users(students). II. Reduce the workload of librarian. III. Faster retrieval of information about the desired book. IV. Provide facility for proper monitoring reduce paper work and provide data security. V. All details will be available on click VI. Look and feel environment with search facility VII. Provide room for generating reports and notification This system will be a website or web application that can run on local web server inside a library where it can be accessed through Wi-Fi or on internet either using a computer or mobile technology. Below are some of the feature of the application. Library Features The online library management system will be divided into two modules; Admin Features • Admin Dashboard • Admin can add/update/ delete category • Admin can add/update/ delete author• Admin can add/update/ delete books • Admin can issue a new book to student and also update the details when student return book • Admin can search student by using their student ID • Admin can also view student details • Admin can change own password • Admin can send notifications to students using SMS or email. Students Features • Student can register and after registration they will get studentID • After login student can view own dashboard. • Student can update own profile. • Student can view books in the library with their status • Student can view issued book and book return date-time. • Student can also change own password. • Student can also recover own password Benefits of the Proposed System Certain merits have been associated with the proposed system which enhances the design of the system. Some of which are stated below: I. Simple and Easy to Use: The library management system software is simple, user-friendly, and can easily be integrated with the existing system. The system provides online and offline storage, automated backups, and easy upgrades to simplify and enhance learning process II. Library Engagement: It eliminates frustration and tediousness by providing students with 24/7 access to library resources from anywhere, anytime. It is beneficial because it allows librarian to maintain all types of books, journals, reports and other information. III. Efficient cloud data management: Automate, simplify and deploy library database seamlessly to make it easy for the institution to benefit from secure cloud services, improve efficiency with the automation of various library tasks including acquisition, cataloging, serials management, circulation and reference.IV. Highly Secure, Scalable and Reliable: This system will bring benefit from scalable infrastructure, role-based secure access, highly performance and reliable to ensure seamless access to library database. V. Mobile Access: The library management system will bring much benefits as it provides mobile access to search the library catalog, schedules, books and resources from anywhere at any given time via smartphones and tablets. VI. Error-Free: Since the system is user-friendly, powerful and developed for easy entry of data, makes library operations free from errors VII. Fully Customizable: The library system is fully customizable and adaptable to the needs of the institution to provide fast reliable data. VIII. Cost-effective: Embracing sophisticated technologies is cost-effective and a viable choice for education institutions. Using online library management system, it eliminates paper-based processes and maintenance overheads, improves productivity, reduces operation costs and saves time. Design and Implementation Methodology The design methodology used in the proposed system is parallel as a result of the fact that parallel methods support the used of proposed system side with the existing system in order to test for the system efficiency. Top down approach in used as well in the design because it allows the analysis of the system to be carried out one after the other. In this stage, the first goal will be decided by task analysis. Next, the prototype of the system will be analyzed. The test will be made on its usability and design with some design theories. Thus, the prototype will be correspondingly looked at. Finally, the system will be finalized with the amendment on some problems of the user interface. Software Requirements i. Operating system- Windows 10 is used as the operating system as it is stable and supports more features and is more user friendly ii. Database MYSQL-MYSQL is used as database as it easy to maintain and retrieve records by simple queries which are in English language which are easy to understand and easy to write.Development tools and Programming language- HTML is used to write the whole code and develop webpages with CSS and Bootstrap for styling work and hypertext, JavaScript for adding functionality to the web app, pre-processor (PHP) for sever side scripting. Web Design Techniques Used The whole Project is divided in two parts the front end and the back end. FRONT END: The front end is designed using of HTML, CSS, Java script, Bootstrap. i. HTML- HTML or Hyper Text Mark-up Language is the main mark-up language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web26 browser.HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like ), within the web page content. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. ii. CSS- Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a mark-up language. While most often used to style web pages and interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for table less web design).CSS can also allow the same mark-up page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed.27 iii. JAVA SCRIPT- JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the documentcontent that is displayed. It is also being used in server-side programming, game development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications. JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first- class functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the self and Scheme programming languages. It is a multiparadigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. vi. Bootstrap is an open-source JavaScript framework developed by the team at Twitter. It is a combination of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code designed to help build user interface components. Bootstrap was also programmed to support both HTML5 and CSS3. Backend End The back end comprises three parts: the server, your database, any APIs, and a back-end web application, software written via server-side languages. The server is a powerful computer that runs the back-end software, the database houses your site’s data, and the software communicates between the two. For example, if a user is updating a profile on a networking site, the server-side scripts will gather the information the user enters, the application will process it on the server, then interact with the database to update that information there. PHP- PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP is now installed on more than 244 million websites and 2.1 million web servers. On this project Xamp server was used as local webserver for the development with MySQL for structuring the database. MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used System Development Approach System development life cycle is referred to a methodology for developing systems. It produces a consistent framework of tasks and deliverables needed to develop systems. The SDLC methodology may be condensed to include automated or manual, whether it is a new system, or an enhancement to existing system. The SDLC methodology tracks a project from an idea developed by the user through feasibility study, system analysis and design, programming, pilot testing, implementation and maintenance. The development methods that intend to use for the library system is the V-Model which may be considered as an extension of the waterfall model, it offers a mean of making the developmentprocess more visible. A system prototype can be developed to give end-user a concrete impression on the system capabilities. System life cycle is an organizational process of developing and maintaining systems, it helps in establishing a system project plans because it gives overall list of process and sub processes required developing a system. System development life cycle means combination of various activities. In other words, various activities put together are referred to as system development life cycle. In the system analysis and design terminology system development life cycle is known to be software development life cycle, the following are the different phases of software development life cycle. Software concept, Requirement analysis, Architectural design, Coding and debugging, System testing Implementation, Maintenance is illustrated below.Figure 3. 1V-Model The V model represents a software development process (also applicable to hardware development) which may be considered an extension of the waterfall model. Instead of moving down in a linear way, the process steps are bent upwards after the coding phase, to form the typical V shape. The V-Model demonstrates the relationships between each phase of the development life cycle and its associated phase of testing. The horizontal and vertical axes represent time or project completeness (left-to-right) and level of abstraction (coarsest grain abstraction uppermost), respectively.Requirement analysis and System design The requirements of the system are collected by analyzing the needs of the user(s). This phase is concerned with establishing what the ideal system has to perform. However, it does not determine how the software will be designed or built. Usually, the users are interviewed and a document called the user requirements document is generated. Figure 3. 2 Requirement Analysis The user requirements document will typically describe the system’s functional, interface, performance, data, security, etc. requirements as expected by the user. It is used by business analysts to communicate their understanding of the system to the users. The users carefully review this document as this document would serve as the guideline for the system designers in the system design phase. The user acceptance tests are designed in this phase. There are different methods for gathering requirements of both soft and hard methodologies including; interviews, questionnaires, document analysis, observation, throw-away prototypes, use cases and static and dynamic views with users. The requirement documentation will be referred throughout the rest of the system development process to ensure the developing project along with the need and requirements.Systems design is the phase where system engineers analyze and understand the business of the proposed system by studying the user requirements document. They figure out possibilities and techniques by which the user requirements can be implemented. If any of the requirements are not feasible, the user is informed of the issue. A resolution is found and the user requirement document is edited accordingly. The software specification document which serves as a blueprint for the development phase is generated. This document contains the general system organization, menu structures, data structures etc. It may also hold example business scenarios, sample windows, reports for the better understanding. Other technical documentation like entity diagrams, data dictionary will also be produced in this phase. The documents for system testing are prepared. Use Case Diagram A use case is a type of methodology that is used to describe a set of actions (use cases) that some system or systems (subject) should or can perform in collaboration with one or more external users of the system (actors) (uml-diagrams.org, 2007). Each use provides observable and valuable result to the actors or users of the system. A standard use case diagram is defined using a unified modeling language containing relationships between actors with their goals. The diagram below shows the use case diagram of the proposed online library management system which contains the following use cases; Table 3. 2Use case table ACTOR GOAL Student Book reservation Search books online Change password Change name and number Librarian Approve userDelete user Add new book information Delete old book records Send email reminders Issue Book Issue fine Add author Add Departments Search users Update book status and shelves Print reports Database Administrator Online registration Issue admin username and password View all records Search students and Department records Update user’s information online Maintenance Update user’s information Online Delete book Update book status online Issued books onlineFigure 3. 3Use case DiagramSequence Diagram A sequence diagram describes the interaction among classes in terms of an exchange of message over time. Sequence diagram display the behavior of objects in a use case by describing messages they pass to objects. They describe the sequence of actions that occurs in any system. Sequence diagrams are alternative ways to understand the overall flow of the control of a program instead of looking at the code and trying to find out the overall sequence of behavior. The following tools located on the sequence diagram toolbox which enable to model sequence diagrams: – Object: An object has state, behavior, and identity. The structure and behavior of similar objects are defined in their common class. Each object in a diagram indicates some instance of a class. An object that is not named is referred to as a class instance. – Message Icons: A message icon represents the communication between objects indicating that an action will follow. The message icon is a horizontal, solid arrow connecting two lifelines together. – Focus of Control: Focus of Control (FOC) is an advanced notational technique that enhances sequence diagrams. It shows the period of time during which an object is performing an action, either directly or through an underlying procedure. – Message to Self: A Message to Self is a tool that sends a message from one object back to the same object. It does not involve other objects because the message returns to the same object. The sender of a message is the same as the receiver. – Note: A note captures the assumptions and decisions applied during analysis and design. Notes may contain any information, including plain text, fragments of code, or references to other documents. – Note Anchor: A note anchor connects a note to the element that it affects. Librarian Issues a book to a user or student: Before users come in they must login in their library accounts where they are authenticated before access, there in their accounts they have all they information about the books and they status. Whenever a user wants to borrow, a librarian checks the availability of the book and other information about the books. The librarian then checks validity of member by verifying the library Students ID. If the member is valid then the number of books issues to the user is less than maximum allowed, books issued to the user and transaction is created. Librarian then update the number of books issued to the user or member and status of the book. Returning a book, the librarian checks the issued books then search a student by his or library ID then update the issue to return while checking there is a fine.Figure 3. 4 Sequence diagram for user registration Figure 3. 5Sequence diagram for user loginFigure 3. 6Sequence Diagram for librarian Login Figure 3. 7Sequence Diagram for Issue BookFigure 3. 8Sequence diagram for return book Class Diagram These diagrams depict the behavioral pattern of the system. They show how each and every class inter-related to the other one, which relationships exists among each of the classes. Classes are identified by instances of that of that class called attributes which contains a significant piece of data values that describe each instance of that class. For example, in the context of this study admin, members, books are others are classes which are represented with boxes with their attributes and data types. Classes specify what data and functions will be included in objects of that classes. The following are most important classes for the online library management system: • Library: it is the place where books, newspapers, magazine, reports, thesis etc. are stored for users. It provides the card to its regular user with or without cost. • Admin: Those who control the library management system • Books: The library must contain books or resources of the library. • Students: They are the main primary users of the library. • Category or department: They describe a group of items used for organizing inventory resources or books • Authors: they are the creators of a written book • Issued Books: It provides information about books borrowed by students. • Reports: they are written account of something that can happened.Figure 3. 9Class diagram for library management systemEntity relationship Diagram (ER) For the Online library management System The entity relationship model is a popular high-level conceptual data model. It displays detailed, logical representation of data or an organization for a business area. It is clear that the physical objects from the previous section – the member, books, library – correspond to entities in the Entity-Relationship model, and the operations to be done on those entities – holds, checkouts, and so on – correspond to relationships. However, a good design will minimize redundancy and attempt to store all the required information in as small a space as possible. The entity relationship diagram model is very useful for mapping the meanings and interactions of real world enterprise on a conceptual schema. The E.R diagram drawn below shows the entities in the library management system, the relationships among the entities and attributes of both entities and their relationships. Figure 3. 10 ER for library management systemArchitectural Activity Diagram for Library management system The activity diagram is used to describe flow of activity through a series of actions. Activity diagrams of an online library management system may defer according to users such as administrator, members etc. Figure 3. 11Activity diagram for admin interfaceFigure 3. 12Activity diagram for student interfaceImplementation This section presents all the tools and technics put in place for the development of the system. Development Tools This library application is a web application that will be hosted on the internet developed using PHP along with HTML, CSS, JavaScript and Bootstrap. Here, this project was built following the MVC framework of architecture but most of the work was done with PHP language because it handles the server-side scripting well. PHP was chosen for this project because of the following reasons. • Easy to start with: For beginners it is easy to with PHP just by mastering few PHP tags from the basics. Dynamic typing and associative arrays makes it also easier to start with PHP • Easy to use: Compared to other languages like java, you don’t need to compiled PHP scripts, so one can just write and upload to a server and see the results. • Integrated database support: PHP has been built to support most of the popular databases like MySQL. It is easy to start using MySQL database with PHP without additional drivers which needs to be installed. MySQL comes with an easy to use web admin tool which ease web development with PHP. Hardware/Software Requirements This web application is compatible to run online and on local servers. To run the web in local network, a local web server has to be setup where the app can be hosted e.g. a raspberry Pi for users to access it offline. Table 3. 3 System software Requirement for Offline Usage Hardware and Software Specifications Requirement Processor 3.2GHz Minimum RAM 1GB Hard Disk 350MB Operating System Windows, Linux, Mac Database Storage system MySQL Additional software Required Wamp, Xamp, Mamp, browserTesting Software testing is the process of evaluating a software in order to verify that the application functions according to the end user’s requirement. Testing is one of the important steps in the software development phase as it is done to identify errors so as to correct them early. The library management system has been developed to ensure that it meets the needs as required by the students of the University. Thorough testing has been done on the system so as to ensure the correctness of its design. System simulations operations showing the interaction between the user on a local machine and the system are presented in the screenshots at the appendix A. To get full testing for its intended users, the system has to be hosted online for them to test and give full results. After the system has been run for daily operation, continued maintenance and administration should will be carried out to handle any systems errors and security issues. This will entail the pre-test, validity test, pilot and reliability test and data survey.CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS In this final chapter, the final evaluation and conclusion will be done based on project scopes and objectives, the results of the implemented system. This chapter will further discuss the limitations of the current project, proposal of further enhancements and studies and recommendations of the study and recommendations of areas for future research. Review of project Scope and Objectives Scope of the project The final product of this project will be an online library management system that will be used for major library operations at ICT University. There are two end users of the library management system, the admin or librarian and students or users. Objectives of the project The aim of this project is to design and implement a system that can handle and manage the activities involved in a library in an efficient and reliable way. The objectives are: I. To build a system than receive input and generate output automatically very easily within a short time. II. To build a monitoring system that is able to manage library operations efficiently. III. To give an opportunity to librarians to reduce mistakes in the manual system. IV. To manage various issues and keep track of their returns. V. To Manage account module Review of Project Results After completing the development of the proposed system, Online library management system, the researcher conducted an evaluation of the system in order to measure the performance of the proposed system in accordance efficiency, reliability, accuracy and speed. The researcher made use of actual interview using a set of open ended questions and listings of standard system evaluation criteria. At least two admins from school were interviewed to evaluate the system along the school library staff and a student, who are the main users of the system. Based on individual test, the system met the requirements and objectives of the library, easy to manage and user friendly.While evaluating the proposed system, the research made some video recordings in order to obtain concrete proof of the evaluation process. The questionnaires provided during the study served as the instrument in order to identify the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of the given criteria and based from the responses from the questionnaires, the following conclusions were drawn. Limitations of the system As earlier discussed, it is important to get peoples feedback to really have an understanding of how we can improve rapidly. Since one of this projects purpose is to reduce manual system of paper work, library personal will still want to go back to paper when there is inaccessible to the application. Some other limitations are listed below; • First this library does not support e-books since its only used for managing the physical library. • The system does not support messaging among members thus emails will be used for communication when need be. • Acquiring knowledge reserved books is not supported, users will have to consult the librarian directly to find out if the book is available but reserved by some other library user. Future system Enhancements It is not possible to develop a system that has all the requirements of a user. User requirements keep changing as the system is being used. Developing this project is an ongoing process accompanied by future release. I encourage the university students and other researchers to carry out further research in the development of library management systems that can overcome limitation of the present online library management system. Upgrade approach should be recognized, acknowledged, and accepted since the library resides in a University of technology. The release of future updates may contain the following features; • The system will be able to support e-books, audio books for its users to facilitate learning at the university. • A more interaction messaging surface will permit users to exchange messages and to make general announcement to its users. • A notification system will be added to notify users about current changes in the system. Recommendations A number of challenges have been identified in using the available tools and techniques for library management at ICT university. Similar challenges were pointed out by participants as challenges that they have using the library. The proposed recommendations for the library to so successfully design and implement an online library management system are based on findings in the study and these recommendations are presented in the form of strategies to successfully design and implement a library management system to improve studies and flow of knowledge in theUniversity. Presented below is an outline of the various recommendations that ICT University can follow to successfully adopt the new library management system. • Library management support and commitment: Library management should show support and commitment for the new library management system by making trainings intended to impart technology skills into the library staff, encouraging staff to embrace and use the system. The success and sustainability of the library management will depend on continuous financial support from the University for the system to up 27/4 by providing support for maintenance. • Technological infrastructure: The library needs to critically evaluate its existing infrastructure and strengthen the existing technological by procuring up-to-date equipment, books ensuring that there is good internet connectivity, security measures for people’s contribution towards knowledge, suitable tools and technical support for the entire library. • Policies and guidelines: It is important for the library to have library policy and other policies such as the ICT, copyright and access policies. The policies can guide the implementation of the library management and prompt to support the process. It can also be recommended that library policies that are in draft form should be approved to support the library management initiative. • It is recommended that library services should establish a new electronic course materials services that service that delivers documents to students. • Secure funding for and conduct user assessment of digitized collection and make the information from these available to the school library. Conclusion Technology has had and will perhaps continue to have a dramatic impact on library operations and services. It is the main force for changing the core work culture of library situation. The trends in technology will certainly find their way into large academic library set up. Because, the libraries must satisfy the expectations of their end users to sustain their goal, objective and existence in present techno-oriented world. This system met most of the objectives by enabling the staff keep track o its users and resources they manage. From proper analysis and assessment of the designed system it can be safely concluded that the system is efficient, usable and reliable library management system. The system is working properly and adequately meets the minimum expectations that were initially expected. The new system is expected to give benefits to the ICT University students and staffs in terms of efficiency in usage, there continuing to make ICT University “Where research Matters”.Appendix The ICTU online library management system is a client server web-based system which contains two structured layers i.e. the admin (the librarian) and the user (students). The online library management system front interface provides the login for admin, student signup and sign in. Below are screenshots from the working system followed by description of how the application works. Figure 4. 1 homepage When a user first visits the link to the web application, they are presented with a front interface which has admin login, student signup and student login. This interface enables the admin to login to its interface and student to sign for the first time or login to their interface. The login pages serve as an access point for existing users of the system. It allows librarian with username and password to access the system and carry out operations that are relevant. Librarian details are issued by the administrator controlling the system to avoid unauthorized members into their accounts. It also allows existing library users to access their interface using their email and passwords. Also, it allows new users to register for an account in order to gain access in the system. After registering they are given a unique library student_ID which is used for library operations. Before signing into the system, they have to prove that they are not a robot using a little auto changing verification code. Validation is done to very that student must have filled all the necessary information before gaining access in the system.Figure 4. 2 student login page Figure 4. 3 Student signup page Librarian DashboardThe librarian holds the primary role of leadership in the library system. In the library management system, the library administrator is responsible for administering user roles to different users of the system. Below is a list of pages that can be viewed by the librarian. • Category management or Department management (add, edit and delete) • Author management (Add, edit and delete) • Book management (add, edit, delete) • User management (block, unblock) • Transaction log or Issue management (add, edit) Figure 4. 4 Admin dashboard pageFigure 4. 5 Add Category page The category page or department page displays department name and status, if the department is active books can be added to it but if its blocked books cannot be added to it. Figure 4. 6 manage categories pageThe author page allows the librarian to add and view authors in the library system. Figure 4. 7 Add author page Figure 4. 8 manage authors pageThe book management page enables the library librarian to add register new books in the system like book name, Category, author, ISBN number, price, status, and shelve. Figure 4. 9 Add book page Figure 4. 10 manage books pageThe transaction or issued books page allows transactions to be recorded in the system, these transactions enable the librarian to issue books, fine and return book issued out to a student Figure 4. 11 Issue book page Figure 4. 12 manage issued booksThe user management page enables the library administrator or librarian to control users registered in the system. If users break rules of the library their accounts can be banned from the system by blocking them. Figure 4. 13 manage registered students page Figure 4. 14 Admin password change pageStudent Dashboard When a student or user logs into the account they are presented with a slightly different interface with fewer features where they can have the follow features’ • List of books with their information’s • Issued books • Profile management Figure 4. 15 student dashboard List of books page displays information about books in the library such a user can have books with name, departments, author, ISBN number and status of the book if its borrowed or available.Figure 4. 16 List of books page Figure 4. 17 Manage issued books The issued books show information about books issued to the current user logged into the system. If the user does not have books issued to him or her nothing will be displaced in the pageFigure 4. 18 student edit account page The profile page allows users to modify certain personal information in their accounts like name and number. 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